In command and control, what is 'situational awareness'?

Situational awareness refers to an individual's perception of all elements within the operational environment that can impact mission execution. This includes understanding not only the actions and locations of friendly forces but also various external factors such as terrain, weather, civilian presence, and the actions of adversaries. By maintaining a comprehensive awareness of these factors, leaders and decision-makers can make informed choices that enhance mission effectiveness and safety.

This understanding goes beyond just being aware of troop movements or enemy tactics, which are specific components of the broader operational environment. Situational awareness is a holistic view that encompasses all relevant information, allowing leaders to anticipate changes and react swiftly to dynamic situations. This capability is essential for effective command and control, ensuring that missions are executed successfully in ever-changing contexts.